Development of arguments
Measure of good sense Development of critical skills Writing for clarity Critical thinking |
a given claim is true or not.
a claim attaches to the conclusion or not. the majority has a position on the debate. key experts have a position on the debate. |
explain complex ideas.
win adherents to a position. refute the positions of other people. support or prove conclusions. |
valid or invalid.
sound or unsound. provable or unprovable. strong or weak. |
ethics and moral character.
experiment and observations. passions and emotions. logic and reasoning. |
nonargumentative materials attached to it .
elements of confusion. conclusion or thesis of the passage. intentions of the author. |
discredit the integrity of the opponents.
rebut the arguments that support contrary positions. state his/her position on the issue. e. provide arguments that support his/her position on the issue. |
syntactic; confusion caused by misplaced modifiers.
syntactic; confusion caused by improper punctuation. semantic; confusion caused by the meaning of semester. semantic; confusion caused by groups with individuals in the group. |
has no stake in our believing one way or another.
brings weaker information to the discussion. lacks expertise in the content of given claims. brings irrelevant considerations to discussion. |
inappropriate; appropriate
vague; precise ambiguous; clearer positive or neutral; negative |
common knowledge.
biased opinion. promise of evidence without providing any support. promise to nurture a claim following through on the promise. |
arguments.
facts. opinions. the character of the person making the argument. |
affirmative side of the issue.
negative side of the issue. position neither for or against. both sides of the issue. |
more similar than stated or implied.
less similar than stated or implied. found in the premises but not in the conclusion. found in the conclusion but not in the premises. |
Overlapping regions
Block of exclusion Johari window Venn diagram |
Both would be true
Both would be false One would be true and the other false Their truth values would have no relationship |
both of the claims cannot be true.
both of the claims cannot be false. the two claims have the opposite truth value. the two claims have unrelated truth values. |
positive
negative contrary complementary |
one sample to another in the sample population.
one sample to another in a different population. all samples in and out of the population. a sample to the whole population from which the sample is taken. |
sample deviance.
sample difference. variation margin. error margin. |
properly selected
large enough gathered with enough patience gathered with a specific purpose in mind |
excluded as a possible causal explanation.
considered as part of a group of possible explanations. included as the causal explanation. considered a possible effect of another causal explanation. |
the particular religious affiliations of your culture.
the one and only correct religion, regardless of your culture. those who have studied the sacred texts of their religion. those who have critically evaluated the beliefs of their religion. |
objective moral principles.
individual preferences. the beliefs of one’s group or culture. whatever promotes our own self-interests. |
different in all cases.”
different in most cases.” the same in most cases.” the same in all cases.” |
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